The world is embroiled in a pandemic of a new coronavirus at the end of 2019 and early in 2020, with such a large scale that it has severely involved the political, economic, and social systems in most countries around the world. The scale of the crisis is so widespread that many experts believe that the post-corona world will be substantially different from the pre-corona world. In the face of this massive epidemic, how people perceive risk and how to risk is communicated, plays a central role in deciding and choosing people's behavior. Fighting with this emerging phenomenon requires mobilizing all the possibilities of society and helping all people in the field of empathy and altruism. In this article, we briefly review aspects of the important concept of risk perception and communication in this pervasive crisis.

Automatic topic detection seems unavoidable in social media analysis due to big text data which their users generate. Clustering-based methods are one of the most important and up-to-date categories in topic detection. The goal of this research is to have a wide study on this category. Therefore, this paper aims to study the main components of clustering-based-topic-detection, which are embedding methods, distance metrics, and clustering algorithms. Transfer learning and consequently pretrained language models and word embeddings have been considered in recent years. Regarding the importance of embedding methods, the efficiency of five new embedding methods, from earlier to recent ones, are compared in this paper. To conduct our study, two commonly used distance metrics, in addition to five important clustering algorithms in the field of topic detection, are implemented by the authors. As COVID-19 has turned into a hot trending topic on social networks in recent years, a dataset including one-month tweets collected with COVID-19-related hashtags is used for this study. More than 7500 experiments are performed to determine tunable parameters. Then all combinations of embedding methods, distance metrics and clustering algorithms (50 combinations) are evaluated using Silhouette metric. Results show that T5 strongly outperforms other embedding methods, cosine distance is weakly better than other distance metrics, and DBSCAN is superior to other clustering algorithms.

Four important ways of religious education in the field of beliefs are inferred in this article through the nature of religion in the Holy Quran. We have examined two categories of “nature of religion” and “methods of religious education” for this purpose. All verses including the root of “د ـ ی ـ ن” (religion) have been investigated in order to properly understand the nature of religion in the Holy Quran. Then, we have benefited from the inference method to find the ways of religious education in the Holy Quran. In the inferential method, we have reached the “conclusion”, which is the method of religious education by using two premises, “normative” and “realistic”. The solutions of the Holy Quran to achieve the methods of religious education are explained in the following. For example, using the Scriptures directly to know the right actions is one of the solutions of the Holy Quran to reach the way of believing in the punishment of deeds. The achievement of religious education methods through discovering the nature of religion and explaining the purpose of education on the one hand and using the inferential method as a research method on the other hand is one of the innovations of this research. The achievements of this paper can be used to provide an educational theoretical model for formal and public education system.

BACKGROUND: The Bipolar Disorder Patients Follow-up (BDPF) project is a longitudinal, prospective and naturalistic study. The purpose of the present report is to introduce the project, elaborate its methods, and present the reliability data of the utilized symptoms rating scales.METHODS: The sampling started in May 2008 and is still in progress. The probands are assessed at the beginning of the sampling and then 2 and 6 months later and then every 6 months using several instruments to identify psychiatric comorbidities, symptoms severity, quality of life, attempted suicide rate, treatment compliance, and some other factors.RESULTS: The results could lead to increase the clinicians' awareness about the clinical picture of this disorder in Iranian patients.CONCLUSIONS: The present project could decrease to some extent the current shortcomings in Iran's psychiatric data at least about one of the major psychiatric disorders known as the eighth result which cause medical disability over the world.

Objectives: Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) provides a means of effective communication to individuals with severe impairments in speech comprehension and production. The present study aimed to examine the awareness of Iranian SpeechLanguage Pathologists (SLPs) of AAC services. Methods: In total, 111 SLPs who were selected by convenience sampling method participated in this cross-sectional study. Using a researcher-made questionnaire, information on SLPs’ familiarity with the term AAC and its methods; patients who can benefit from AAC methods; the kind of AAC method that could be used per patient, and the effectiveness of each method were obtained. This research was conducted at rehabilitation clinics in Tehran City, Iran. Results: The obtained results revealed that only 8. 1% of the respondents were familiar with the concept of AAC; however, 92. 8% of SLPs had contact with Patients With Communication Problems (PWCP). Only 0. 9% of SLPs were familiar with high-tech devices. Additionally, 88. 3% of the respondents were willing to further educational opportunities concerning AAC. Discussion: Iranian SLPs had little familiarity with AAC and the target population of these services. Overall, there appeared to be a lack of AAC expertise within the profession in Iran. Therefore, training these professionals, both theoretically and clinically, is essential.

While the application of optical and photonic technologies in the communications, computing, medicine and industrial manufacturing has been growing rapidly, the miniaturization of these technologies has been slow due to the limitation on the diffraction. However, the developments of nanoscale components and guiding methods are continuing with a rapid pace. Since waveguiding is a fundamental issue in communication, we briefly examine the current state of nanoscale waveguiding with their application in communication which are the building blocks of ultra-high density photonic devices. Finally, we conclude that the QD waveguide may be an effective and an alternative means to transmit light.

Extension methods are means to communicate with clients. Generally, it is recommended extension agents use a variety of methods. Extension agents' ability to use different methods increase their teaching ability and makes it possible to select the most appropriate ones based on clients' characteristics. Extension organizations have to try to increase their staff awareness about extension methods and provide favorite conditions to use them. This survey research was conducted to investigate how extension methods are used in Fars province by natural resources extension agents.The results indicated that extension agents were best familiar with "lecture" and use it most frequently.They had the least familiarity with festivals (fairs), television educational programs and demonstration techniques; even they used these methods rarely. The research recommendations are: 1) planning in-service training for extension agents to learn more about different extension methods, and 2) improve the use of different extension methods.

Knowing the approaches of the commentators (the scholars who interpret the Holy Book of Quran) of Quranic researching provides the basis for understanding, analyzing and criticizing their views and opinions, because tafsīr (Arabic: تفسیر, exegesis) texts are influenced by the commentator’s worldview and mental ideas, as well as a reflection of the cultural and social requirements of his era. One of the issues that has recently become a subject in the field of understanding and interpreting the Holy Book of Quran is the effect of gender element in the understanding of religious texts. Therefore, this research, using descriptive-analytical method in a comparative context, has investigated the tendency, Fundamentals and exegetical methods of “Āmina Wadud” (Arabic: آمنة ودود) and “ʿĀʾisha Bint al-Shāṭi” (عائشة بِنت الشاطئ) two of the Quran researchers. The obtained results indicate that the interpretative tendency of Āmina Wadud is social, transsexual and justice-oriented. She has used the hermeneutic method and philosophical analysis in explaining the discourses of the Qur'an in this regard. The tendency of the fundamentals and methods in the Quranic understanding of Āmina Wadud in her social commentary leads her to Islamic rulings in the field of women in order to present a new and modern reading of them. But Bint al-Shāṭi’s exegesis tendency is theological literary in line with the Quran’s verbal inimitability (Arabic: الإِعجاز البیانیّ, Romanized: al-Iʾjāz) of the Holy Book of Quran. She is trying to put emphasis and style (the methods used in written language) on the verbal inimitability of the Holy Book of Quran by a linguistic point of view in line with the method of verbal exegesis.

Objectives Inability in speaking is a barrier to communicate and ultimately lead to distancing from the community.Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) services have been proposed as a mechanism to aid individuals with severe impairments in speech perception and production. The aim of this study was to examine the level of knowledge of speech and language pathologists (SLPs) of AAC services.Methods and Materials In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the knowledge of 25 speech and language pathologists who were working in hospitals and clinics affiliated with the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences were investigated for AAC services. A researcher- made questionnaire was used to examine the knowledge. Content validity of the questionnaire was investigated by Lavshe method. The results were analyzed by the SPSS (16 thversion) statistical software.Results The content validity ratio (CVR) of questionnaire was 76.13. The results showed that 28 percent of the participants had not any knowledge about AAC and 68 percent of them had little knowledge about these services. This result has obtained in situation that 96 percent of SLPs have been faced with clients who had little ability for communication. None of participants utilized high-tech AAC for his/her clients.92 percent of participants keened opportunity for learning AAC.Conclusion The results of this survey showed that the SLPs had limited knowledge of AAC services, so training SLPs in this field is necessary.